Friday, December 27, 2019

Corporate Controllers Are Responsible For The Accounting

According to AccountingTools (n.d.), corporate controllers are responsible â€Å"for the accounting operations of the company,† including: the development of recurring financial reports, â€Å"maintenance of †¦ accounting records, and a comprehensive set of controls and budgets designed to mitigate risk, enhance the accuracy of †¦ reported financial results, and ensure that reports results comply with †¦ financial reporting standards† (para. 2). In other words, controllers are the chief accountants in their organizations. Besides their basic daily accounting functions and managing the accounting staff, controllers must maintain internal controls and assume expanding responsibilities in their firms to reflect the changing roles in the controllership position. In a typical midsize or large business, the accounting department will usually have accounting clerks, payroll clerks, staff accountants, senior accountants, an accounting manager, and other accounting positions (e.g., accounts payable clerks, accounts receivable manager, etc.). However, most accounting departments of midsize or large corporations will be led by a controller or someone with similar responsibilities (e.g., finance director, etc.). Controllers are essential to a company’s back office operations. For instance, they are responsible for the timely completion of payroll, manage the daily functions of accounts payable and other cash disbursements, comply with government reporting and tax requirements, and ensure theShow MoreRelatedCase 3-3: Rendell Company , Case Analysis on Management Control System1468 Words   |  6 Pagesdivisional controller and the corporate controller. This is mainly because the loyalty of the divisional controllers rest with the divisiona l managers. Because of this current set-up, Mr Bevins believes that information regarding the divisions’ performance are not reported accurately and biased. .Mr. Bevins is interested if applying a control organization structure similar to Martex will resolve the conflict between the role of the corporate controllers and the divisional controllers. STATEMENTRead MoreNorth American Group Business Unit Controller1483 Words   |  6 Pages AMETEK MRO North American Group Business Unit Controller POSITION PROFILE OVERVIEW: AMETEK, Inc., (NYSE:AME) (www.ametek.com) is a publicly-traded, diverse company and leading global manufacturer with annualized sales of more than $3.6B and more than 15,000 employees. Headquartered in Berwyn, PA, the Company has a track record of exceptional financial and market success and expects to double revenues within five years. Major strategic thrusts include targeted acquisitions, organic growth viaRead MoreSolution Essays1577 Words   |  7 Pagesof establishing an in-house internal audit function, which previously had been outsourced. The company began this process by hiring a Director of Internal Audits. Nano Circuits’ CEO recently called a planning meeting to discuss the roles of key corporate participants regarding the implementation and maintenance of internal controls. Central to this decision is the organizational placement of the future internal audit function and to whom the new Director of Internal Audit should report. In additionRead MoreDetermining t he Organization Chart of a Typical Organization769 Words   |  3 Pagesmarketing, manufacturing and any other department which the company has in it. Generally, the CFO meets with heads of each and every department in the organization to do planning for the each department. The finance department in every organization responsible for creating, managing and allocating funds, from the company budget to all the department in the company in order for the each department to functions their job. After the CFO, vice president in the next position in the organizational structureRead MoreRun Inc. Case1098 Words   |  5 PagesINC. Case 1) What are the practical differences in the accounting for a change in estimate and a correction of an error? Why might managements prefer one approach to another? What pictures do the two accounting presentations paint for readers outside the company? A change in estimate is a normal and ongoing process of a company. It usually arises from the appearance of new information that alters the current situation. Accounting for a change in estimate is treated prospectively. CompaniesRead MoreEssay on Accounting715 Words   |  3 PagesAccounting Accounting is a career that offers many job opportunities and advancements, and a little hard work will inevitably lead to happiness and success. Accountants have different duties depending on the size and nature of the company where they are employed. Usually accountants prepare and analyze financial reports that polish up-to-date information for government agencies, businesses, and other organizations. The data accountants provide information that influences nearlyRead MoreACC 561 Week 2 Individual Assignment Sarbanes Oxley Act Of 20021432 Words   |  6 Pages2002. It is also known as the â€Å"Public Company Accounting Reform and Investor Protection Act† and â€Å"and Corporate and Auditing Accountability and Responsibility Act†. The main objective of the act is to protect investors by improving the accuracy and reliability of corporate disclosures. New aspects are created by SOX act for corporate accountability as well as new penalties for wrong doings. It was basically introduced after major corporate and accounting scandals including the scandals of Enron, WorldComRead MoreInternal Control and Risk Ev aluation1143 Words   |  5 PagesInternal Control and Risk Evaluation Accounting Information Systems 542 October 10, 2011 Analyze the risks in the systems that your team analyzed An Accounting Information System is an integral part of the new design of Kudler’s computer system. Accountants do not necessarily need to understand completely how computers process data of the accounting application, but it is essential for them to understand the flowcharts and documentation that shows how this processing works. The purposeRead MoreHibb’s Web Essay1381 Words   |  6 Pagesresearch and treatment division. Christopher Hibbs, previously worked as a bookkeeper for the city of Sacramento, and currently hired to be an accounting manager for the West Coast division. Frederick Fontaine, the Manager of West Coast, has found a memo on Hibbs’ desk about doubt Alex was the person who cause fund missing since Alex was the director of accounting and finance. The unavailable communication between Alex Fuhrman and Christopher Hibbs caused Alex commence a libel suit against Hibbs and theRead MoreChartered Accountant1097 Words   |  5 Pagesof Chartered Acco untants). The institute, which has over 66,000 members, conducts research into current business issues and sets accounting and auditing standards for all types of businesses. A CA is a complete professional in the field of Accountancy - informed in the subjects of Accountancy, Auditing, Business Management, Information Technology, Taxation, Corporate and Commercial Law, Financial Management, Economics and other linked subjects. Chartered Accountants serve business clients

Thursday, December 19, 2019

The Effects Of Alcoholism On The American Society - 898 Words

The prominence of alcoholism in the American society dates back to before Puritan settlement. As a result, to prevent the social destruction of our nation, the government began regulating the substance. The efforts resulted in an amendment to the United States Constitution preventing the consumption of alcohol. After public backlash, bootlegging, and homemade toxins appeared more problematic, the amendment was overridden. During the period following the repeal of prohibition the states were each given the task to assign minimal drinking ages for their state; however, this was not the correct decision. While federalism is great, the inconsistency between varying states was not working. This was a catalyst for the federal government establishing 21 as the National minimum drinking age. While President Reagan and his administration saw the drastic effects alcohol has on society, some people disagree. Morris Chafetz, an appointed member of the Presidential Commission on Drunk Driving, wa s one of the members that voted for the raise in the legal drinking age. Since 1982, where he proposed recommendations for President Regan as chair of the Education and Prevention Committee, he has had an epiphany. An essay written by Morris Chafetz â€Å"The 21-Year-Old Drinking Age: I Voted for It’ It Doesn’t Work† presents a changed perceptive. He now believes the legal drinking age should be lowered. While the information provided demonstrates a strong ethos for lowering the age, the author failsShow MoreRelatedWhat are the Causes of Alcholism and How Can We Prevent It? Essay1083 Words   |  5 Pagescelebration environments. However in today’s society it is easily accessible, very cheap, and advertised on every channel available. Alcohol has taken over our society, from teenagers to seniors, everyone is exposed to the culture of drinking. That is not the issue though, the issue is in today’s society gluttony is a common virtue and many people take drinking beyond social and celebration environments. Many Americans suffer from a disease known as alcoholism, it is not only the addiction to, but theRead MoreAlcoholism : A Growing Problem1468 Words   |  6 PagesAlcoholism Alcoholism is a growing problem in today s society. What is alcoholism? Is it a disease? What are the causes of it? What toll does alcohol abuse have on individuals? American society? American economy? What kind of treatments are available to reduce/cure alcoholism? What is alcoholism? Alcoholism is a physical or psychological need for an alcoholic beverage, which is taken for non-medical reasons and produces a noticeable effect on the body (Sheen 93). People develop the need for alcoholRead MoreEffects of Alcoholism on the Human Health and Social Life837 Words   |  3 PagesTitle Effects of alcoholism on the human health and social life General purpose/objective The speech is aimed at highlighting the negative effects that excessive intake of alcohol and habitual alcoholism can have on the social aspects of a person and the health repercussions of the aforementioned behavior. The content of the speech is largely informative and in very small part persuasive for people to reconsider their drinking habits. Specific purpose The specific objective of the speech isRead More Drugs and Alcohol Essay1107 Words   |  5 Pagesprohibited pscychoactive drugs. American leaders attempted to do the same to alcohol with Prohibition in the 1920?s. In any society, drug use plays a part in the people?s culture. Whether it be a native taking hallucinogens for a religious ceremony, a destitute alcoholic drinking on a city street, or a group of teenagers smoking marijuana, drugs and alcohol have the same effects in any culture. The question of ?why do people use drugs? has been a dilemma which American medical experts and governmentRead MoreAlcoholism: Symptoms, Causes, and Effects Essay981 Words   |  4 PagesAlcoholism: Symptoms, Causes, and Effects Composition I April 1, 1997 Alcoholism is a disease that affects many people in the United States today. It not only affects the alcoholic, but also their family, friends, co- workers, and eventually total strangers. The symptoms are many, as are the causes and the effects. Alcoholism is defined as a pattern of drinking in which harmful consequences result for the drinker, yet, they continue to drink. There are two types of drinkers. The first typeRead More Alcoholism Essay1075 Words   |  5 Pages Alcoholism, or alcohol dependence, is a chronic disease, which is common in our world today. In the United States, 1 in every 13 adults is either an abuser of alcohol or an alcoholic. This disease includes a craving from the victim in spite of any problems or consequences, which they may have or have had. Consequences of this disease are often very severe; for example, job problems frequently arise. In addition to serious job dilemmas, victims of this disease often get into mischief with the lawRead MoreIntegrating Holistic Modalities into Native American Alcohol Treatment1295 Words   |  6 PagesAlcoholism is identified by severe dependence or addiction and cumulative patterns of characteristic behaviors. An alcoholic’s frequent intoxication is obvious and destructive; interfering with the ability to socialize and work. These behavior patterns may lead to loss of work and relationships (Merck, 1999). Strong evidence suggests that alcoholism runs in families (Schuckit, 2009) . According to a study published by Schuckit (1999) monozygotic twins were at a significantly higher risk of alcoholismRead MoreThe Problem Of Alcoholism And Alcoholism1539 Words   |  7 PagesAlcoholism proves to be a leading cause of brain damage and body malfunction all across America, ultimately endangering your life and the ones around you, but overcoming alcoholism seems to be a harder obstacle to overcome because this addictive drug imprints denial on your brain and makes you think you can stop drinking whenever you want. Denial is one of the hardest hurdles to jump over to getting help for alcoholism and abuse. The desire to drink is so strong that the mind finds ways to rationalizeRead MoreEffects Of Alcoholism On The American Medical Association1016 Words   |  5 PagesLiterature Review Definition of alcoholism: According to the American medical association alcoholism is a chronic disease with genetic, psychosocial and environmental factors influencing development and manifestations. Alcoholism has had a tremendous impact on the human condition and its relationship to society. The evolution of alcoholism, its behavior and quality of life impact will be addressed; as well as treatments and fiscal impact in the literature review. â€Å"Alcoholism is a complex disorder withRead MoreAlcohol abuse1512 Words   |  7 Pages Alcohol abuse in the society. A review of the literature Abstract Alcohol abuse is also a serious medical and social problem, but is not the same as alcoholism. Alcohol abuse is the intentional

Wednesday, December 11, 2019

Best Types Of Packaging For Freezing Food â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Best Types Of Packaging For Freezing Food? Answer: Introduction As people are busy in their workplace, they do not have sufficient time to prepare a healthy meal daily. To prepare food faster, there are lot of options available in the world. Though placing the orders for food items is a faster way to get food easily, cooking the preserved food items is another way which is acceptable by most of the people. But, other perspective though it saves cooking time, it does not help to lead a healthy life. As the technology is advancing in all the fields, the frozen technology is also becoming a greater method and technique that is in demand ("Frozen foods: Healthy or unhealthy? | Latest News Updates at Daily News Analysis", 2017). In point of view, the health properties of the frozen meals such as meats, desserts, parathas and fries are questionable. Because, the ingredients in the frozen food are not same as fresh food items. It has dangerous fats, hydrogenated palm oil and huge amount of sodium content. According to the statement of the researchers and nutritionists, the frozen food dont have proteins and nutrition as in the freshly prepared meals ("Yes, frozen food IS nutritious, experts insist", 2017). Hence, it is a major concern for analyzing the pros and cons of the frozen food items, which can be knowledgeable for the people and benefit them. Objective The main objective of this project is to research about the frozen food items and then the need to provide an informed critique. The infrastructure that supports the food product to be acceptable will be analyzed. The fitness quotient of frozen food and how well it provides convenience to the people will be discussed. The health issues and limitations related to the frozen food items will be analyzed and studied, to know how this product is better and efficient. The requirement specification and technologies used for preparing the frozen food items will be provided in detail. The decision will be taken according to the analysis of critique on the frozen meals. Frozen Meals The frozen food is a type of food that is freezed for preserving its nutrients with a special technique. The frozen foods are basically packed in containers. Frozen foods includes chicken, pizzas, vegetables and much more. Some frozen foods does not require preservatives. To preserve the frozen foods, two processes like cryogenic and mechanical processes are used. The mechanical process of freezing the food is very important in preserving the frozen foods texture and quality. It maintains the cellular structure. The cryogenic process of freezing the food is the easy freezing technology ("Frozen vs. Fresh? Which Vegetables Are Best", 2017). The frozen products does not require any preservatives, because it consists of microorganisms. The microorganisms does not grow the food temperature. The basic temperature of frozen food is -9.5 degree celsius and it is useful for preventing the food spoilage. The Frozen food product uses carboxyl methylcellulose, because it has odorless and tasteless stabilizers. Moreover, it does not reduce the quality of the frozen food. The frozen food uses some freezing technology in the frozen food market. It provides faster development and efficient. One of the freezing technology is mechanical freezers. It is basically used in food industry. Function of mechanical freezer is circulating the refrigerant heat from the food product and the heat is transmitted into air. Refrigerant contains high pressure and it is directly linked to an evaporator. Another freezing technology is cryogenic freezers. It is the recent development in the food industry and it is used by the leading food manufacturers. It uses low temperature gases such as solid carbon dioxide and liquid nitrogen. These gases are directly applied to the frozen food product (Foods, 2017). The frozen food packaging is maintained by the machines like thawing, freezing, storage, filling, cooking and transportation. Most of the frozen foods are cooked by using the microwave oven. For packaging of the frozen foods, various options like pouches, carton, bags, boil in bags, pans, plastics and boxes are used. It helps in extending the shelf life of the food and maintains the safety of frozen food. The frozen food contains high calories and high fat. Hence, it increases heart diseases and cancer. Some frozen foods provide good healthy life like frozen fruits and vegetables. Freshly Prepared Meal The freshly prepared food is home-made food and it gives long shelf-life. It saves time and health. It avoids the food sensitivities and allergies. The freshly prepared foods are basically much cheaper compared to frozen foods. The frozen foods contain high sugar, fat and salt. But, fresh prepared foods contain low sugar, salt and fat because, the cook is aware of how much amount goes in their recipe (Erin Coleman, 2017). The freshly prepared foods contain high nutrients, hydration, enzymes and healthy fats. The fresh meals generally provide large quantities of fruits and vegetables, which has large amount of water content and it is important for cellular health. The fresh foods are prepared by using the enzymes and it is helpful for nutrient absorption while digestion ("Why fresh food is better than frozen", 2017). Analyze Nowadays, people are demanding running for quick fixes for all situations. It is also applicable for cooking process. They dont have much time to make nutritional food. Most of the working people like the concept of frozen foods, fruits and vegetables. Because, it is quick and convenient to prepare ("Myth or Fact: Fresh Produce Is More Nutritious Than Frozen Produce / Nutrition / Healthy Eating", 2017). Fitness and Health Issues The frozen foods are processed foods. Because it is stored at lower temperature. In order to increase the shelf-life of the frozen food and suppresses from decomposition. Thus, this type of processed foods are unhealthy for the human body. These frozen foods introduces fat, sugar and causes health risks to people. However, it also decreases its nutritional value and hence it is unhealthy. By using frozen food, many health issues are attracted to the human body, such as heart disease, cancer and even it destroys and damages the cells of the human body (sudipa Seaman, 2017). Diabetics The frozen foods are always fresh because, it is processed by using the starch. This starch is included for the food to achieve the taste and maintain structure of the food. It is generally called as glucose. Basically, the human body can convert glucose into sugar before the digestion process completes. So glucose is very important for human body. Often excess amount of glucose causes many health issues. It introduces damage to human tissues (C C, 2017). Heart Disease This is the most important health issue related to frozen foods. It mainly generates trans-fats to the body, which gives results in heart disease. Some frozen food contain more amount of salt, which can increase the human cholesterol levels along with the blood pressure. Blood Pressure These foods have more amount of preservatives that may impact of the peoples health leading to critical situation. Because, this food contains more salt and sugar so this leads to blood pressure negatively, such as hypertension. Therefore, these are the major side effects of this frozen food consumption. It looks like delicious and convenient to the cook. All of these factors make the frozen food more risky for the human body ("What is "Fresh Frozen" Food? - CulinaryLore.com", 2017). Negative Side of Frozen Meals The frozen meals can be convenient but, it has poor nutrition. The Negative sides of Frozen foods are listed below: Calories and Fat The frozen foods contain high fat leading to high calories. For example, one cup of frozen chicken contains more than 600 calories, so it has very high fat content (K, 2017). Diet-Unfriendly Fare The diet frozen foods are helpful for proper nutrition and weight loss. The diet conscious people must use less than 300 calories per day, as suggested by Dietitian Karen Collins (Karen Collins, 2017). The reports state that it contains less nutritional balance. Choosing Wisely The frozen foods are not off-limits, so it requires regular check of nutrition levels, as suggested by the American diabetes association. Thus, choose frozen foods with less than 400 calories and use less saturated fat. Because, it leads to heart disease. Sodium Overload The frozen foods contain very high sodium, which can cause blood pressure and it is linked to stroke and heart disease. Thus, use less than 2000 milligram of sodium per day as suggested by the Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention. Limitations Avoiding the cheese sauce based frozen foods because it consists of high fat and calories. To carefully check the frozen food labels ("Frozen Foods: How Healthy are they?", 2017). The frozen meals are mostly vegetarian. It consists of high fat, calories and cholesterol contents. It provides detailed and correct nutritional information. The frozen foods contain time limits like the poultry has 6 to 9 months, vegetables has 8 to 12 months, ground meat has 3 to 4 months, processed or cured meat has 1 to 2 months and fish has 3 to 6 months ("Time Limits for Frozen Food", 2017). Sometimes cooking time will be increased for baking and thawing. Lacks freshness in vegetables and fruits. Packaging Type and Disposal- Frozen Meal The modern frozen food packaging uses several methods for quick freezing. It is packaged using various materials and advanced technologies. The types of frozen food packaging are: Plastics Boxes Zip-top freezer bags Aluminum pans Vacuum Sealer Glass bowls, jars and pans Wrap One of main food packaging material is plastics. It leads to less food wastage by preserving the fresh flavors and significantly extends the shelf life ("Plastic Packaging for Frozen Food Yields Less Waste", 2017). It also reduces food spoilage. If lightweight and thin plastic packaging is used, it helps with less packaging waste and preserves its freshness. The wrap food packaging is used to insulate the food from the cold air. This packaging is useful for bread and meat or fish. The zip-top freezer bags are useful for short time usage and it saves more space. The aluminum pans are super convenient and it easily assembles and wraps the frozen foods. The glass jars and bowls is used to maintain good condition for a longer duration. The vacuum sealer is the best method for extending the shelf-life packaging of such food and it eliminates the condensation risks. It is an excellent method for packaging the frozen food ("The Best Types of Packaging for Freezing Food", 2017). Some frozen foods require packaging machines and labor, reliability, technical and management maintenance. Types of packaging machines are listed below: Vacuum packaging machines Wrapping machines Check weighing machines and more. Critique Freezing is one of the most widely used technique for the purpose of food preservation. This method is very useful. Because it does not change the taste and structure of the food. It keeps the food in good nutritional value when compared to any other technique. So, the frozen food also has high quality raw ingredients. Thus, this frozen food has good impact on food industry (Dr. Mary Jane Brown, 2017). Critiques on Taking Decision The frozen food are good when compared to stored food, because the stored foods are unhealthy to the human body. It produces many health issues when compared to frozen food. Frozen food packaging is very good and hygienic (Bhattacharya, Langstaff Berzonsky, 2003). Packaging is done by the machine that follows filling, freezing, transportation and cooking, which is also wholly done by the machines. Frozen foods are basically cooked in the microwave oven. Why frozen foods are important? The frozen foods has many benefits that most of the people prefer it. It includes, Basically, frozen food do not require any added preservatives in order to keep the food in a safe mode. It is a natural form of preservation (Fulgoni, Comerford Krumhar, 2014). It is more convenient, because frozen materials are easy to cook and serve. Frozen foods are easily available because, they are never out of season and can make use of it anytime. It achieves both the quality and consistency. Thus, it always has high standards of quality. Frozen vegetables and fruits are more reliable and fresh. It is fast convenient and available. It freezes the vitamins at the point of harvest. It has high nutritional values, thus it can maintain your diet in a good level. Moreover, watch out for the sodium content level in the frozen food. By checking this sodium level, you can avoid eating additives. It helps people to stay away from the health risks ("Create Your Own Frozen Dinners", 2017). Frozen foods are mostly liked by the working people because, they dont have more time to prepare food using raw veggies and other ingredients. By using frozen food materials, people can cook tasty food quickly. So, they always prefer frozen food. By making use of frozen materials people can also save extra money. It is easily available in the market. Most of the working people who stay in hostels love it. They always rely on frozen foods to prepare meals quickly. It always keeps its nutritional value in stable and projectable market price ("Why Frozen Foods? | National Frozen Foods", 2017). To analyze the overall marketing mix 4Ps referring the price, product, place and production must be analyzed. These mixes influences the consumer DM process of the frozen foods. So this analyses helps the consumer to buy healthy product. In comparison of fresh foods with frozen foods, fresh vegetables and fruits are the healthiest food that can be consumed. It has vitamins, antioxidants, minerals which improves the health of the human body. These fruits and vegetables help to protect against the disease. But, the fresh foods are not always available and the frozen varieties are always convenient and they are used as an alternative for the fresh foods. However, the nutritive value of the frozen food is low while compared with the fresh foods. But, the frozen foods and vegetables are healthy and they have more vitamins and cancer fighting antioxidants (Dillner, 2017). Recommendations It is recommended to improve the diet plan options and reduce the risk of food poisoning. Nowadays, the frozen meal is growing to be popular among people. More number of respondents for the frozen meal were among the professionals and the middle aged house wives. The respondents and the frequent users of the frozen meals are hardly aware of the causes of consuming frozen meals, thus misleads the consumers ("Frozen foods: Healthy or unhealthy? | Latest News Updates at Daily News Analysis", 2017). There are about more number of techniques for freezing the food items. According to the observation made, the fact is that, the frozen food can be kept in the storage for longer duration than the fresh food items. This is one of the reason for the people to prefer more frozen food items. The second close reason is that, the frozen meals are more convenient. The frozen meals have become the part of peoples life. But, the frozen fruits and vegetables have more nutrition content than the normal fruits and vegetables. The frozen meals can be taken as an alternative for the fresh meals. They are healthier as they have more nutrient content. It is good to buy frozen fruits and vegetables and it is also recommended for more nutrients. Fruits and vegetables which enriches the health of the people. These are affordable and are good for gaining nutrients, vitamins for a healthy living. The most important benefit is that, the people can get rid of health issues. In order to be safe and lead a healthy life, decreasing the intake of unhealthy food is necessary. Definitely, it does makes improvements and assures in improving the peoples health ("Fresh vs frozen food: Which is best?", 2017). Conclusions The frozen food is precooked and it dont require any preparation. It just requires to be heated and is ready to consume. Consuming frozen food is based on the personal health choices. The benefit of frozen foods is, that it reduces the possibility of undercooking and cooking time. It also possess certain risks in preservation and freezing methods of the food. To make the frozen food healthy, it is better to serve it with fruits and vegetables or salad. It is good to avoid buying the frozen food which contains cheese sauce. Because, it has high calories and saturated fats. The frozen foods which are packed in syrup should be avoided and it is important to check the food labels to avoid consuming sodium, which is more than 600mg. Fresh fruits and vegetables are picked before they get ripped. But, they give all the minerals, vitamins and natural antioxidants. But, the frozen fruits and vegetables are picked at the peak of their ripeness and they contain more nutrition. Frozen fruits con tain more Vitamin C. Freshly picked vegetables and fruits are directly taken from the garden and they have high quality. The frozen fruits and vegetables which are shopped from the super market might be equivalent to the fresh food, and in some cases they might have more nutrition when compared to fresh foods. Frozen food and vegetables are cost effective and they are also convenient to use. It is also best to choose the mix of fresh and frozen foods to get best nutrients. Fresh food is not always better than the frozen food, because it is based on the quality of the product. When the organic fruits and vegetables are not available then the frozen organic food is the better alternative, moreover they are inexpensive. When it is hard to have the availability of fresh products, then frozen food varieties is a good alternative. The packaging and disposal process of the frozen meal are also analyzed. References Bhattacharya, M., Langstaff, T., Berzonsky, W. (2003). Effect of frozen storage and freezethaw cycles on the rheological and baking properties of frozen doughs.Food Research International,36(4), 365-372. C, A., C, A. (2017).5 Unexpected Side Effects Of Frozen Food.STYLECRAZE. Retrieved 1 August 2017, from https://www.stylecraze.com/articles/unexpected-side-effects-of-frozen-food/#gref Create Your Own Frozen Dinners. (2017).SparkPeople. Retrieved 1 August 2017, from https://www.sparkpeople.com/resource/nutrition_articles.asp?id=762 Dillner, L. (2017). Are frozen fruit and vegetables as good for you as fresh?. the Guardian. Retrieved 1 August 2017, from https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2017/may/01/are-frozen-fruit-and-vegetables-as-good-for-you-as-fresh Dr. Mary Jane Brown, R. (2017). Fresh vs Frozen Fruit and Vegetables - Which are Healthier?. Authority Nutrition. Retrieved 1 August 2017, from https://authoritynutrition.com/fresh-vs-frozen-fruit-and-vegetables/ Erin Coleman, L. (2017). Fresh Foods vs. Frozen Foods. LoveToKnow. Retrieved 1 August 2017, from https://diet.lovetoknow.com/nutrition-he ... ozen-foods Foods?, W. (2017).What Are The Health Risks Associated With Frozen Foods?.CureJoy. Retrieved 1 August 2017, from https://india.curejoy.com/content/are-frozen-foods-bad-for-you/ Fresh vs frozen food: Which is best?. (2017). bodyandsoulau. Retrieved 1 August 2017, from https://www.bodyandsoul.com.au/nutrition/nutrition-tips/fresh-vs-frozen-food-which-is-best/news-story/f8775525e1c11a7273289755053259fb Frozen Foods: Are They Good For You?. (2017).HealthStatus. Retrieved 1 August 2017, from https://www.healthstatus.com/health_blog/wellness/frozen-foods-are-they-good-for-you/ Frozen foods: Healthy or unhealthy? | Latest News Updates at Daily News Analysis. (2017).dna. Retrieved 1 August 2017, from https://www.dnaindia.com/health/report-frozen-foods-healthy-or-unhealthy-1876748 Frozen Foods: How Healthy are They?. (2017).Womenfitness.net. Retrieved 1 August 2017, from https://www.womenfitness.net/frozenfoods_healthy.htm Frozen vs. Fresh? Which Vegetables Are Best. (2017). Greatist. Retrieved 1 August 2017, from https://greatist.com/health/frozen-vs-fresh-which-vegetables-are-best# Fulgoni, V., Comerford, K., Krumhar, K. (2014). Consumption of Frozen Meals as Compared to Quick Service Restaurant Meals Is Associated with Better Nutrient Intakes in Adult Participants of The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2003-2010).Journal Of The Academy Of Nutrition And Dietetics,114(9), A48. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2014.06.150 K, N. (2017). The Disadvantages of Frozen Foods.Livestrong.Com. Retrieved from https://www.livestrong.com/article/477762-the-disadvantages-of-frozen-foods/ Karen Collins, R. (2017).Should you defrost your diet?.msnbc.com. Retrieved 1 August 2017, from https://www.nbcnews.com/id/11992264/ns/health-fitness/t/should-you-defrost-your-diet/#.WYAaM4SGO1s Myth or Fact: Fresh Produce Is More Nutritious Than Frozen Produce / Nutrition / Healthy Eating. (2017). Fitday.com. Retrieved 1 August 2017, from https://www.fitday.com/fitness-articles/nutrition/healthy-eating/myth-or-fact-fresh-produce-is-more-nutritious-than-frozen-produce.html Plastic Packaging for Frozen Food Yields Less Waste. (2017).Plastics Make It Possible. Retrieved 1 August 2017, from https://www.plasticsmakeitpossible.com/plastics-at-home/food/prep-storage/frozen-food-plastic-packaging-less-food-packaging-waste/ sudipa, Seaman, J. (2017).6 Shocking Side Effects Of Frozen Foods In Your Diet | DIY Health Remedy.Diyhealthremedy.com. Retrieved 1 August 2017, from https://www.diyhealthremedy.com/6-shocking-side-effects-of-frozen-foods-in-your-diet/ The Best Types of Packaging for Freezing Food. (2017).Kitchn. Retrieved 1 August 2017, from https://www.thekitchn.com/the-best-types-of-packaging-for-freezing-food-love-your-freezer-215974 Time Limits for Frozen Food. (2017).Lifehacker.com. Retrieved 1 August 2017, from https://lifehacker.com/313245/time-limits-for-frozen-food What is "Fresh Frozen" Food? - CulinaryLore.com. (2017). Culinarylore.com. Retrieved 1 August 2017, from https://www.culinarylore.com/food-law:what-is-fresh-frozen-food Why fresh food is better than frozen. (2017).Washington Post. Retrieved 1 August 2017, from https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/wellness/why-fresh-food-is-better-than-frozen/2012/07/17/gJQAYsukrW_story.html?utm_term=.f1cfba2f07a3 Why Frozen Foods? | National Frozen Foods. (2017).Nffc.com. Retrieved 1 August 2017, from https://www.nffc.com/why-frozen-foods Yes, frozen food IS nutritious, experts insist. (2017). Mail Online. Retrieved 1 August 2017, from https://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-4444018/Yes-frozen-food-nutritious-experts-insist.html

Tuesday, December 3, 2019

When does life begin Essay Example For Students

When does life begin Essay Three Perspectives on When Life BeginsSubject: Where does life begin? That is the age-old question. The decision that legalized the right to an abortion in all 50 states and sparked a political debate that remains charged to this day. Topic: Many questions surround abortion. What really makes someone human? Sub Topics: a) Some suggest life begins when the soul is created. b) Others advocate it is when the child is capable of giving and receiving love. c) Some suggest that life begins at conception. In this paper I will argue the validity of each of these issues. Topic A: Some have tried to find an answer in a religious belief, such as suggesting that human life begins when the soul is created. Others object that such answers cannot be used as a basis for law, because that would be a violation of separation of church and state. . There is a far bigger problem with such a definition of life. In the essay, When Does Life Begin?, Jay Johansen says, the soul definition, this one may be ph ilosophically interesting but is of little practical use, as it is not at all clear how we could determine when someone first becomes conscious. The author means that no one knows when the soul is created, and it is difficult to see how we could find out. If someday, someone invented some kind of machine that could detect and measure a soul, this might become a useful definition. Until then, it can only be a subject for speculation. We will write a custom essay on When does life begin specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Topic B: Or consider human life begins when one is capable of giving and receiving love. Dr Schwarz argues, Imagine a case of two children. One is born comatose and he will remain so until the age of nine. The other is healthy at birth, but as soon as she achieves the concept of a continuing self for a brief time, she too lapses into a coma from which she will not emerge until she is nine. Can anyone seriously hold that the second child is a person with a right to life, while the first child is not? The argument gives support to the fact that because the first child cannot perform the act of love that does not make him inhuman. There are many unloved people in the world: refugees, the homeless, and minorities. Would you say that because these people have suffered misfortune or oppression, that that makes them no longer human, and no longer entitled to human rights? Suppose a man was accused of murdering his wife, and in court he admitted that he had done it. He explained that he didn t love her anymore. He figured that as she was unloved, she was useless and had no right to live. If you were the judge, would you accept such a defense? It is surely a tragedy if a person is unloved and unwanted, but that does not make them any less human. Topic C: Can we point to one event as being truly unique? Is there one magic moment? Some time when we can really say that before that point, you did not exist, but after that point, you did? No discussion of a persons state of mind, or how others feel about them, has anything to do with that persons essential humanness. It seems, then, that the question of when human life begins is not really a religious, moral, or philosophical question at all, but a scientific one. Medical science has given us that answer. The magic moment is conception. It is at that moment that the unique combination of chromosomes that define you first came into existence. Before conception that blueprint did not exist anywhere, after conception it did. Fro m that point on your body grew and developed, but unless you get an organ transplant or some such artificial addition nothing new is added except food, fluids, and oxygen. The issue is not when does human life begin, but rather when does the life of every human being begin, according to Dr. Dianne Irving, author of When Do Human Beings Being? The author is saying that fertilization of the egg by the sperm creates a human being. Scientifically, biologically, and medically, life begins at conception. .u1e65f6cb05895d81c65feb07c98b8d11 , .u1e65f6cb05895d81c65feb07c98b8d11 .postImageUrl , .u1e65f6cb05895d81c65feb07c98b8d11 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u1e65f6cb05895d81c65feb07c98b8d11 , .u1e65f6cb05895d81c65feb07c98b8d11:hover , .u1e65f6cb05895d81c65feb07c98b8d11:visited , .u1e65f6cb05895d81c65feb07c98b8d11:active { border:0!important; } .u1e65f6cb05895d81c65feb07c98b8d11 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u1e65f6cb05895d81c65feb07c98b8d11 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u1e65f6cb05895d81c65feb07c98b8d11:active , .u1e65f6cb05895d81c65feb07c98b8d11:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u1e65f6cb05895d81c65feb07c98b8d11 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u1e65f6cb05895d81c65feb07c98b8d11 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u1e65f6cb05895d81c65feb07c98b8d11 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u1e65f6cb05895d81c65feb07c98b8d11 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1e65f6cb05895d81c65feb07c98b8d11:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u1e65f6cb05895d81c65feb07c98b8d11 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u1e65f6cb05895d81c65feb07c98b8d11 .u1e65f6cb05895d81c65feb07c98b8d11-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u1e65f6cb05895d81c65feb07c98b8d11:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Rheumatoid Arthritis Essay PaperIt is past time for the nation to develop policies that make abortions less necessary and improve reproductive health. Our nation must commit resources to prevent unintended pregnancy by promoting sexuality education, family planning and healthy childbearing. Along with better education, women need to learn to say no. It could be that simple to end the need for a paper on this topic. If a person, adult or not, performs an adult role, that person should have to live with the consequences. I cannot think of any other adult situation that provides a way to erase it. Can you?Bibliography:Work CitedEggebroten, Anne, ed. Abortion: My Choice, Gods Grace: Christian Women Tell Their Stories. Pasedena: Hope Publishing House, 1994. Hadley, Janet. Abortion: Between Freedom and Necessity. Temple: Temple UP1998. Irving, Dianne. When Do Human Beings Begin? American BioethicsAdvisory Commission. 1999. (27 April 2000). Jasper, William F. The Survivors. The New American. 17 Jan 2000(2 May 2000). Johansen, Jay. When Does Human Life Begin? Rev 2/1997.(25 April 2000). Leo, John. Litmus Test, Slippery Slopes. US News World Report. 26 Jan 1998(2 May 2000). McDonagh, Eileen L., Breaking the Abortion Deadlock: From Choice to Consent. New York: Oxford UP, 1996. Schwarz, Stephen. Is Being in the Womb Being a Person? The Moral Question ofAbortion. 1990. (23 April 2000). Work CitedEggebroten, Anne, ed. Abortion: My Choice, Gods Grace: Christian Women Tell Their Stories. Pasedena: Hope Publishing House, 1994. Hadley, Janet. Abortion: Between Freedom and Necessity. Temple: Temple UP1998. Irving, Dianne. When Do Human Beings Begin? American BioethicsAdvisory Commission. 1999. (27 April 2000). Jasper, William F. The Survivors. The New American. 17 Jan 2000(2 May 2000). Johansen, Jay. When Does Human Life Begin? Rev 2/1997.(25 April 2000). Leo, John. Litmus Test, Slippery Slopes. US News ; World Report. 26 Jan 1998(2 May 2000). McDonagh, Eileen L., Breaking the Abortion Deadlock: From Choice to Consent. New York: Oxford UP, 1996. Schwarz, Stephen. Is Being in the Womb Being a Person? The Moral Question ofAbortion. 1990. (23 April 2000).

Wednesday, November 27, 2019

Research Methods free essay sample

Structured interviews involve tight control over the format of the questions and answers. In depth, the structured interview is like a questionnaire which is administered face to face with a respondent. The researcher has a predetermined list of questions, to which the respondent is invited to offer limited option responses. The tight controls over the wording of the questions, the order in which the questions occur and the range of answers that are on offer have the advantage of standardization. Each respondent Is faced with Identical questions. And the range of pre-coded answers on offer to respondents ensures that data analysis is relatively easy. The structured interview, in this respect, lends itself to the collection of quantitative data (O’Leary, A. , 2004).. Structured interviews are often associated with social surveys where researchers are trying to collect large volumes of data from a wide range of respondents. Here, we are witnessing the replacement of interviewers armed with clipboards and paper questionnaires with interviewers using laptop computers to Input information direct into a suitable software program. We will write a custom essay sample on Research Methods or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Such computer-assisted personal interviewing (CAPI) has the advantage of using software with built-in checks to eliminate errors in the collection of data, and it allows quick analysis of the data. However, its relatively large initial costs, caused by the purchase of the laptop computers, the development of suitable software and the training Involved, means that CAPI is better suited to large-budget, large number surveys than to small-scale research (Maddux, Robert B. , 1994). 3 Interview-Structured Steps / Procedures of Interview – Structured Before the interview: This step addresses important activities such as inviting applicants, arranging for assessment accommodation, if required, and preparing the interview. Therefore Before the interview take place the researcher has to make sure such of the following points are achieved: ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Choosing a setting with the least distraction. Explaining the purpose of the interview. Addressing terms of confidentiality. Explaining the format of the interview. Indicating how long the interview usually takes. Providing contact information of the interviewer. Allowing interviewee to clarify any doubts about the interview. Preparing a method for recording data, e. g. , take notes, recorder During the interview: This step provides step-by-step guidance on how to conduct an interview, such as initiating and closing the interview, asking effective interview questions, and note-taking techniques. Therefore, during the interview, Researcher should: ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Explaining the format of the interview. Occasionally verify the method of recording is working. Ask one question at a time. Attempt to remain as neutral as possible. Encourage responses. Be careful about the appearance when note taking. Provide transition between major topics. Not lose control of the interview flow. 4 Interview-Structured After the interview: This step offers guidance on how to assess interviewee responses and avoid common assessment errors, how to integrate interview results with other information to support the selection and informal discussion processes and how to provide feedback to applicants ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Assess the interviewee responses. How responses are relevant to the research topic. Write down any observations made during the interview Make any notes on your written notes. Evaluate and refine interview answer Verify if the tape recorder worked throughout the interview. Interview- structured characteristics Strength / Uses 1. Enables the researcher to examine the level of understanding a respondent has about a particular topic usually in slightly more depth than with a postal questionnaire. 2. Provides a reliable source of quantitative data. 3. The researcher is able to contact large numbers of people quickly, easily and efficiently. 4. All respondents are asked the same questions in the same way. In other words, this type of research method is easy to standardize. . It is relatively quick and easy to create, code and interpret (especially if closed questions are used). 6. The researcher does not have to worry about response rates, biased (self-selected) samples, incomplete questionnaires and the like. 5 Interview-Structured Weakness/ Limitation 1. Can be time consuming if sample group is very large (this is because the researcher or their representativ e needs to be present during the delivery of the structured interview). 2. The quality and usefulness of the information is highly dependent upon the quality of the questions asked. The interviewer cannot add or subtract questions. 3. A substantial amount of pre-planning is required. 4. There is limited scope for the respondent to answer questions in any detail or depth. 5. There is the possibility that the presence of the researcher may influence the way a respondent answers various questions, thereby biasing the responses. 6. The format of questionnaire design makes it difficult for the researcher to examine complex issues and opinions. Even where open-ended questions are used, the depth of answers the respondent can provide tend to be more-limited than with almost any other method. Interview-Structured Sample (1) of interview-structured (See Appendix A) Sample source: [Sample Reproduced from: http://www. va. gov/pbi/supervisor/intro_sup. htm ] Sample (2) of interview-structured (See Appendix B) Sample source: [Sample Reproduced from HSRI: http://www. hsri. org/cgi/hsri. cgi ] 7 Interview-Structured Conclusion Comments Generally, Research shows that structure d interviews are twice as effective as unstructured interviews in predicting job performance as can be seen from the structured question in the attached sample (1). However, by just looking into the two types of samples attached, we can see that sample (1) question structure is more direct and specific about job requirement and candidate’s competencies, while in the structured questions in sample (2) the question are based on the Community Support Skills Standards where the interviewees or the respondents has to choose a set of the list question which suit their needs and the people going to interviewed. On the other hand, structured interviews require adherence to a very particular set of rules. Each question that is outlined should be read word for word by the researcher without any deviation from the protocol. In some cases, the interviewer is also required to show consistency in behavior across all interviews. This includes bodily posture, facial expressions, and emotional affect. Reactions to participant responses should be kept to a minimum or avoided entirely. In fact, structured interviews are the type used most often by quantitative researchers. The style is most useful when looking for very specific information. The benefits are that it keeps the data concise and reduces researcher bias. Typically a wide variety of questions can be used to gain information about a candidate’s competencies. Use these questions as guides to help you develop questions that target specific job requirements. 1. Describe a time when you were faced with problems or stresses at work that tested your coping skills. What did you do? 2. Give an example of a time when you could not participate in a discussion or could not finish a task because you did not have enough information. What did you do? 3. Give an example of a time when you had to be relatively quick in coming to a decision. How did you go about making the decision? 4. Tell me about a time when you had to use your spoken communication skills in order to get a point across that was important to you. How did you make your point? What technique or skill worked for you? 5. Can you tell me about a job experience in which you had to speak up and tell other people what you thought or felt? What was the result of your action? 6. Give me an example of a time when you felt you were able to build motivation in your co-workers or subordinates. How did you motivate them? What were the results? 7. Tell me about a specific occasion when you conformed to a policy even though you did not agree with it. What was the result? How did you feel? 8. Describe the worst customer or co-worker you have ever had and tell me how you dealt with him or her. 9. Give me an example of a time when you used your fact-finding skills to gain information needed to solve a problem and then tell me how you analyzed the information and came to a decision. What was the result or what happened? 10. Give me an example of an important goal you had set and tell me about your progress in reaching that goal. How did you go about setting the goal? 11. Describe the most significant written document, report, or presentation that you’ve completed. What was the process you used to write this document? What was the impact or result of your efforts? 12. Give me an example of a time when you had to go above and beyond the call of duty in order to get a job done. What caused the situation that required this extraordinary effort? How did you feel about all this extra effort? 8 Appendix A—Common Structured Interview Questions 13. Give me an example of a time when you were able to communicate successfully with another person, even when that individual may not have personally liked you. What was the result of your communication? 14. Describe a situation in which you were able to read another person effectively and guide your actions by your understanding of his/her individual needs or values. What happened? 15. What did you do in your last job in order to be effective with your organization and planning? Be specific. How did you deal with competing priorities? 16. Describe the most creative work-related project you have completed. 17. Tell me about a time when you made a suggestion to improve the quality and efficiency of the work done in your unit. 18. Give me an example of a time when you had to analyze another person or situation carefully in order to be effective in guiding your action or decision. How did you decide what action or decision to take? 19. What did you do in your last job to contribute toward a teamwork environment? Be specific. What were the results of this teamwork? 20. Give me an example of a problem you faced on the job and tell me how you solved it. 21. Describe a situation in which you were able to positively influence the actions of others in a desired direction. How did this affect others in that environment? 2. Tell me about a situation in the past year in which you had to deal with a very upset customer or coworker. How did you handle the situation? What was the result? 23. Describe a situation in which others within your organization depended on you. What would they tell me about this situation? 24. Describe your most recent group effort. What was your role? How would you change the group to be more effe ctive? Adapted from: http://www. va. gov/pbi/supervisor/intro_sup. htm Interview-Structured Appendix B 11 Sample Structured Interview Questions Based upon CSSS competency areas. Instructions: This document contains example structured interview questions for agencies supporting persons with disabilities. The questions are based on the Community Support Skills Standards (available from HSRI http://www. hsri. org/cgi/hsri. cgi). We recommend that you choose questions that suit the needs of your agency and the people to be interviewed. We suggest your agency ask the same set of questions of all applicants for a particular position. A. Competency area 1: PARTICIPANT EMPOWERMENT 1. Describe a situation when you assisted an individual recognize that he or she had several choices in how to handle a difficult problem. What was the situation, what did you do, and what was the final outcome? 2. A participant at the group home in which you work has recently told you she thinks she might be a lesbian, and would like to meet other women in the gay community. What steps would you take to empower her? 3. Describe a situation where youve encouraged someone to advocate for themselves? 4. You and a person with disabilities you support are at a local restaurant. When the waitress comes to take your order, she looks and speaks only to you. The person you are with can give his/her own order. What would you do? B. Competency area 2: COMMUNICATION 1. Describe ways in which you have communicated with a person who does not communicate verbally? 2. Your new coworker Mohamed, is Muslim. During the month of Ramadan he is fasting during the day, and has asked you to change duties with him so he will not have to cook for the people who live in the group home. You cook a great deal already, and dont want to take on the extra duties for him. How do you respond to him? 3. Your coworker has a habit of interrupting you at staff meetings. In the past youve waited for her to finish and bring up your point again, only to have her interrupt once more. As a result, you often leave staff meetings feeling frustrated because your issues were not addressed. How do you address this issue? 4. Describe a situation in which your attempts to communicate with someone were ineffective. What was the situation, what did you do and what happened as a result? 5. Describe the worst misunderstanding you were involved in at your last job. What was the situation, what did you do and what happened as a result? C. Competency area 3: ASSESSMENT 1. Sallys mother expresses concern to you that Sally may be hard of hearing, and tends to ignore her when she is talking. You have noticed this, but have also found that when Sally is around friends or watching television her hearing appears to be fine. You suspect Sally is choosing to not listen to her mother. Sallys mother recently told you she wants her daughters hearing tested and asks you your thoughts. How might you share your assessment of the situation with her mother? 2. Tell us about a time when someone was injured and you had to make an immediate judgment on what needed to be done to help the person. Describe the injury and your steps in making the assessment. 3. Describe a situation in the past where youve participated in a team assessment process. What was your role? 4. Tell me about the last time you solved a problem where you had to do a lot of hard thinking and analysis; what difficulties did you encounter, how did you overcome them, what was the result? 1 D. Competency area 4: COMMUNITY SERVICE NETWORKING 1. A person you support tells you when he was a child his family went regularly to a Catholic church and he would like to become active in the faith again. How do you support him in this goal? 2. Midori, a Japanese-American is quiet and doesn’t leave the house. She is not involved in any activities and has no personal relationships. Midori claims she has no areas of interest but seems unhappy with her life. How might you assist Midori in recognizing and developing areas of interest? 3. Please describe some community resources you have had contact with in your own neighborhood. How might those resources be used by a person with a disability? 4. Think about the last time you moved to a new community. What strategies did you use to find places to engage in your favorite leisure activities? How did you go about meeting people with interests similar to yours? John recently moved from a large institution to a supported living setting. How might you assist John to learn about and become part of his new community? 5. Describe the most embarrassing situation you have experienced when you were with a person with a disability. What was the situation, what did you do, what happened as a result? What, if anything, would you do anything differently if you experienced a similar circumstance in the future? E. Competency area 5: FACILITATION OF SERVICES 1. Tell me about a time when you had to practice professional confidentiality. What was the situation? What did you do? What was the outcome? . When working with persons with developmental disabilities, what do you think is key in establishing a solid working relationship? 3. A few weeks after developing her support plan, Rachel changes her mind about wanting to get a job. How might you respond? 4. Describe a situation in which you helped a person set a goal and then supported the person to achieve th at goal. What was the goal and how did you help? 5. Describe a situation in which you or someone you know needed a medical, psychological or other support service but was having trouble getting it. What was the situation, what did you do, what was the result? F. Competency area 6: COMMUNITY LIVING SKILLS SUPPORTS 1. Describe the best meal you have ever prepared for a group of people. 2. Describe the household chore or duty you like least. What strategies do you use to ensure that the chore or duty is completed? 3. Describe the household chore or duty you like most. What strategies do you use to ensure that the chore or duty is completed? 4. What actions would you take if you recognized a person showing signs of having an allergic reaction (e. g. , hives)? 5. Kamol, a resident in the group home were you work was raised in a Thai community. Lately, he has expressed how much he misses his mothers cooking and talks about Thai dishes he loved as a child. How might you respond to this situation? 6. Describe a time when you were required to provide medical assistance or treatment to another person. What was the situation, what did you do, what happened as a result? G. Competency Area 7: EDUCATION, TRAINING, SELF-DEVELOPMENT 1. How have you kept up on relevant resources and information about a topic of interest to you? 2. What else besides your education and job experience qualifies you for this job? 2 3. Describe the last thing you did for self-improvement? 4. Tell me about the best class you have ever taken. What was the class? Why was it good? 5. What is the next thing you want to learn how to do, or how to do better? What is your plan for accomplishing this? H. Competency Area 8: ADVOCACY 1. What advocacy organizations/services are available in this community that might assist persons with disabilities? 2. Tell me about a situation where you have advocated on behalf of another person or a time when someone else has advocated on your behalf. What made that advocacy successful or unsuccessful? . Describe a time when you witnessed a person with disabilities being teased by a coworker or other person. What did you do? What could you have done to assist that person? I. Competency Area 9: VOCATIONAL, EDUCATIONAL, AND CAREER SUPPORT 1. Mali would like to join a Hmong quilting group, but she has no method of transportation other than the bus, which is a long and confusing ride. What could you to do as her DSP to support her in gaining access to this program? 2. Describe a time when you have supported another person in a vocational or education program or with their career development? . Describe the things you have done in the last couple of years to advance your career. What supports did you use/receive? What was the most helpful assistance you got? 4. Describe the first job you ever had. What would you do to adapt that job so that it could be performed by someone who could not walk (talk, see, hear etc. )? J. Competency Area 10: CRISIS INTERVENTION 1. Betty a person in the home where you work is sensitive to loud noises. One afternoon, the maintenance crew comes to the house to do yard work and the sound of the riding mower sends her into a panic. She begins pacing rapidly while crying and covering her ears. She picks up a nearby object in attempt to throw through the window towards the maintenance worker. How would you handle this situation? 2. Describe the last time you became involved in a conflict or crisis situation. What was the situation? What did you do? How well did it work? What would you have done to prevent the situation from occurring? 3. Describe the most difficult person you remember ever dealing with at work or school. Describe the most difficult situation you remember encountering with that person. How did they react to you? How did you deal with the situation? What did you do about your own feelings? Did you ever discuss you differences with this person? If not, why not? If yes, what happened? K. Competency Area 11: ORGANIZATIONAL PARTICIPATION 1. Tell me about the mission of the last company you worked for. Did you agree or disagree with that mission, why? 2. Describe a situation where you played a role in making a change within your last place of employment (or church, community center or club). What was the situation, what did you do, what was the result? 3. Describe a situation in which you had a conflict with a co-worker. What was the issue, what did you do, what was the outcome of the conflict? 4. Describe a situation in which you had a conflict with your supervisor. What was the issue, what did you do, what was the outcome of the conflict? 3 5. What was the best experience you have ever had as a member of a team? What was your role on the team? What made it a good experience? 6. Describe the worst supervisor you have ever had. What made that person a poor supervisor? How did you work with that person to complete your job duties? 7. Tell me about the last time you found yourself trying to do too many different things at the same time. How did you handle the situation? 8. Describe the co-worker that you most appreciate? What characteristics or qualities of that person do you most appreciate? 9. What behaviors do you think are most important/most valued by team members or co-workers in the work place? Of the behavior you just listed, please do a self-evaluation and tell me which is your strongest most positive co-worker behavior? Which might be a possible improvement area for you? 10. What does team work mean to you? Give some examples of things you have done to be a good team member, or to improve teamwork. L. Competency Area 12: DOCUMENTATION 1. Tell me some of the reasons you feel documentation is important. 2. Describe a situation in which someone you know used words to describe a person or a group of people that showed disrespect. What if anything did you do in that situation? 3. Describe a situation in which you were asked to document an event. Describe what occurred, what information was documented, and the reasons behind your documentation. 4. What was the best thing you ever wrote? What was the topic; what made this the best thing you ever wrote? 5. Describe the most difficult writing assignment you have ever had. What was the assignment, how did you handle it? . Describe the last paper or writing assignment you completed in school or at work. What was the assignment, what did you do, what was the outcome of the assignment? Experience, Credentials and Self-Evaluation/Opinion Questions 1. Describe a typical day in your most recent job. 2. Describe any classes, experiences, or training you have received that prepare you for this job. 3. Most of us have more than one reason for leaving a job. What are some of yours, from past or present experience? 4. What one or two words would most of all of your previous supervisors use to describe you? 5. What part(s) of you last/present position did you like least? What did you do to try to overcome the situation? What would you think if you know in advance that this situation would be present in your new job? 6. Under what circumstances might you seek out a co-worker or peer for advice or suggestions? Provide examples of time you did that in the past. 7. Describe your ideal job. Discuss the amount and type of supervision you prefer, contact and kinds of relationships with co-workers, job tasks, and freedom to work or to make decisions. 8. Under what circumstances might you seek out a co-worker or peer for advice or suggestions? Provide examples of time you did that in the past. 9. If you had the authority or power, what one thing would you change about your current/last position? 10. Other than money, what rewards, benefits, or work situations are most important for you? 11. How much time did you miss from work last year? The year before? 12. What suggestions has your supervisor given you for performance improvement or development? 13. We have all made mistakes in our job, some bigger than others. Tell me about the biggest work place mistake you ever made. What were the circumstances, and how did you deal with it? What did you lean from the experience? 4. Tell me about your schedule flexibility, and your work schedule preferences.

Saturday, November 23, 2019

The Little Prince essays

The Little Prince essays Finding what you truly desire is so hard to come by. The perfect pair of shoes, the top that fits you perfectly, and the job that will make you the most money are trivial to what is actually essential in life. So many people are searching for the things they feel are indispensable to living a happy life, sometimes forgetting what they really need. In the Little Prince, by Antoine De Saint-Exupery, the little prince points out, "People where you live," the little prince said, "grow five thousand roses in one garden... yet they don't find what they're looking for..." "They don't find it," I answered. "And yet what they're looking for could be found in a single rose, or a little water..." "Of course," I answered. And the little prince added, "But eyes are blind. You have to look with the heart" (71). As the narrator pulls the water up out of the well, and the pulley seems to sing to the little prince, the narrator realizes what the little prince was looking for by their journey through the desert. The little prince didnt need to quench his thirst, nor did he enjoy walking through the hot desert, he enjoyed the company and the occasion in which they walked together. The saunter they had, the song of the pulley, the effort to get the water was what the prince considered a gift. The experience of friendship and bonding is what the little prince had been looking for the entire time. The narrator, like most people, had to realize that individual tasks do not led to happiness in life, its all the moments as a whole, shared with family and friends that is one gift to one another. In life looking vaguely for what one sees is happiness is not uncommon. Feeling as though a hundred acquaintances are better than two close friends, or attending fine affairs where you are inconsequential are more important than personal birthdays at home. As the little prince states, "grow five thousand roses in one garden... yet they don't find...

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Compare and contrast different computers and smartphones Coursework

Compare and contrast different computers and smartphones - Coursework Example This monitor was good for my needs since VGA is outdated, HDMI is the new technology that I was looking at. My CPU is pretty solid as it has HP ProDesk 400 Desktop PC . It has an Intel Core i5-4670 with 1 TB hard drive storage and processing capability of 8GB. I picked this system because it is fast, robust, and has a lot of storage capability. This will allow me to have mass storage with 1TB and processing power if I wanted to upload would be supplemented with fast processing 8 GB. I wanted a 64-bit because it would enable my computer to have speed. The biggest benefit of having the HP ProDesk is that 1TB of storage. Since I have to deal with a lot of storage capabilities this becomes a focal point. The i5 is one of the best processors in the market right now which makes it have supreme capabilities. Anytime a user buys equipment, it is necessary to be aware of the pricing with the necessary specs. I went for a company such as ASUS for monitors because of the price. However, when it came to desktop- it was evident I needed to use something that was much more functional even if it meant to spend more money. Shop online for your ideal laptop, ultra book, or tablet. What will it cost? From where will you buy it? Why did you pick this particular computer vendor? Describe this system are far as the CPU, memory, busses, ports, hard drive, wireless networking, battery life, and screen including resolution and size. What features were most important to you? I bought a $661.83 HP Probook from Tigerdirect, which was an i5 and it was great for all my working purposes. The i5 again gives me supreme functioning capabilities. In addition, the laptop is lightweight, around 5lbs. One thing to be incognizant is that 64 bit RAM is pretty decent as well. The battery life is up to 5 hours, which makes it very feasible when I have to go to work or use for personal

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Nursing Research Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Nursing Research - Assignment Example On the other hand, research process involves identification of the research tropic, doing a literature research, determine the methods of study collecting data and analyzing it then drawing conclusions of the data that are useful. In this, both method help to solve a specific problem even though, research has a broader field of application (Mary, 2010). Another similarity between the two processes is the promotion of extensive documentation and consent seeking. Both methods need consent and documentation of the finding and the whole process. These methods differ in that; whereas nursing process only identifies the problem it solves within the specifics of a patient or a community the research process is wide in perspective. It can be amalgamated in almost all the fields of study with numerous applications (James, 2013). Besides, whereas nursing process is a problem solving process with an aim of bettering the life of a patient, the research process has a wide application. Apart from solving a problem, it can be used to suggest for future further studies providing better ways to improve the earlier

Sunday, November 17, 2019

College vs. High School Essay Example for Free

College vs. High School Essay There is so much freedom and you must use your time wisely in order to succeed. When you get to the university you will find you meet all sorts of people from all over the place with so many different cultural backgrounds and religions and beliefs and opinions. You get exposed to new ideas and new experiences. The classes are very different too. If you live on campus, it will likely be your first time living away from home, which is a huge experience. And once you find your major, you will find your people. You will actually be going to school with people who want to be there. As opposed to high school where students have to be there and many can careless about the subjects. College is a completely new experience with many unique aspects that can change and help define ones life. Many people love college, and find it to be a new beginning. It is a new opportunity to define yourself as an individual. You can establish a new image, because everyone is looking to do the exact same thing. In college, its time to strap down and get to work. Theres really no room for error. Classes are spread out throughout the week, and you often have much down time. There is a lot of work and it is crammed into a short period. It is up to you to know when to eat lunch, and it is up to you when to study. It is also your decision to fill that time where you are not studying or doing work with productive things. High school is a period in which many new things happen. You now find yourself in a world full of raging hormones, honors classes, and new found freedoms. High school is routine in a way. You have your eight or so classes year round, and you know when you will be eating lunch. The same kids you went to elementary and middle school with probably are the same kids you went to high school with. Basically, high school is much regimented, and many people find themselves having the same friends for many years. Because of this, in turn once a reputation or image was established for you in high school, most likely that was going to stick with you for the rest of your time left. The work in high school is a piece of cake. Unless you are taking honors or AP courses, there is really no reason why someones GPA should drop below 2. 5. Classes in high school are small in size, usually between twenty and thirty students, and there is a one on one feeling with the teacher. It is a laid back atmosphere because everyone knows each other. Also in high school, many students find a way around the school part. Countless students slack off and dont apply themselves to their work or studies. Because of this, many students find themselves doing new extracurricular activities, and I think we all know what is meant by that. It is very easy in high school to fall into bad habits. High School is a perfect opportunity to go down the wrong path and find yourself in bad situations. In conclusion, even though high school is an important step in life, college is an even bigger step. They are similar in some ways but in others they are the same. High school prepares you for college. It is a time full of new experiences and lessons. College is a new chapter in life and you can basically start over. In a way, college is a mature version of high school. High school and college are what you make of it. To find the true similarities and differences, one must experience both for themselves.

Friday, November 15, 2019

Tuesdays with Morrie Analysis

Tuesdays with Morrie Analysis In the Book Tuesdays with Morrie Mitch Albom asks the reader a continual question that reverberates throughout the book: a question that he wrestles back and forth with. His question is simple but deep and compelling; have you had someone close to you leave your life, not completely, but physically? Everything just seemed right when they were in your presence. The moments spent could only be described as what seemed so lovely and pure, the memories often pondered fondly. You keep yourself busy with many a task to dull the senses of what the mind plaques on your inner most being. The feelings of apathy and complacency are feelings that have not brushed across your mind until now, like an artist with a single stroke, a shiny gloss that hazed over your thoughts, now dry and crackling, chipping away and falling far from your mind as if they were never there. Realizing what you had is coming to terms with where you came from and where you are now. Morrie Schwartz was Mitch Albooms sociology professor at Brandeis University whom he has not spoken with in years, and when he discovers that his dear old professor has taken ill with Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Lou Gherigs disease) while watching a Nightline interview that Morrie did with Ted Koppel he wastes no time in getting back in touch with him. From the onset Mitchs cognitions of what Morrie use to look like are dwarfed by the reality of just how deeply aging and terminal illness have affected his once jovial and lively professor. When he arrives at Morries home in Boston he sees a frail and aged man waiting outside in a wheel chair, a far cry from the dancing fool he remembers him to be. As his first visit is underway he realizes just how confined his old professors life has become, from not being able to leave his home to having a nurse at the house to aid him in tasks that a healthy individual does with ease, becomes a daily routine. After his first visit to Boston Mitch vows to keep coming back every Tuesday in keeping with the same schedule that they had while Mitch was a student of Morrries at Brandeis, because as Morrie says were Tuesday people Mitch. Tuesday after Tuesday Mitch returns to Morries house in West Newton to take in every bit of Morrie he can and extrapolate every ounce of knowledge and wisdom his aging professor can muster, and for sixteen Tuesdays they explored many of lifes central concerns family, marriage, aging, and happiness, to name a few. It becomes increasingly evident just how cruel and unrelenting a disease such as ALS can be, it takes from Morrie the one thing that allows him to exercise his right to free and reckless abandon, his dancing. The slow degenerative effects of this inexorable malady are played out in every stage of the book from the first time we see Mitch baring handfuls of Morries favorite foods to the following where he has trouble lifting his hands to his chin and his in house nurse has to spoon feed him. Morrie had expressed to Mr. Koppel in their first meeting that what he dreaded most about the disease was the likelihood that one day soon, somebody else would have to clean him after using the lavatory. It happened; his worst fear had come to fruition. Morries nurse now has to do it for him, and he realizes this to be the utter surrender to the disease. He is now more than ever entirely reliant on others for virtually all of his necessities. He articulates to Mitch that in spite of the troubles of his reliance on others, he is trying to revel in being an adolescent for a second time. Morrie reiterates that we ought to discard culture if it is not beneficial to our needs, and conveys to Mitch that we must to be loved such as we were when we were children, continuously being held and rocked by our mothers. Mitch sees that at 78 years age, Morrie is generous and giving as an adult while taking and receiving just as a child would. As Morries ailment worsens, so does his hibiscus in the window of his study. It acts as a representation of his life as a natural process of lifes cyclical process. He conveys a story Mitch and also to Mr. Koppel of a wave rolling into shore, signifying death. Morrie articulates his fear of it, but reassures Mitch with that he accepts it and will come back as something far greater. Morrie echoes an aphorism to Mitch When youre in bed, youre dead to signify his ultimate surrender and on Mitchs last visit to see him that is where he laid, like a child, small and frail. This notion of dependence (birth through childhood)-independence (teenage years through adulthood) dependence (late adulthood to death) seems to be the resounding tone throughout our textbook as well, where life is a set stage of transitions from birth-maturing-aging-and death. We care for people when they are young, nurture to foster mature and productive adults, and then again care for them when they cannot do so for themselves. I have and would recommend this book to anyone and everyone, not only for the way it touches me when I recollect upon it and makes me cry with tears of hope and gladness that such a person lived but also for the numerous and invaluable lessons it imparts upon its readers. Alblom has made me change the way I see the world, I see aging as a wonderful and beautiful part of life, not a process to detest but to relish in its loveliness and splendor. There is a beauty in aging that I had not recognized before this book, Morrie Schwartz breathes new life into the coming generations

Tuesday, November 12, 2019

exas Roadhouse Essay

Discussion of Whether or not the Phrase â€Å"If we Take Care of our Employees, They will Take Care of our Customers† is Actually Practiced or is just a Cliche on the Wall at Texas Roadhouse Steakhouse and the Implications of Answer The belief in the phrase if we take care of our employees, they will take care of our customers is a practice that instills values in the workforce of today. This is not just a cline, when employees desire their jobs and job description, the effect on customer satisfaction is immeasurable. The most important and effective customers are the company employees and when customers are taken effective care of business relationships are built (Mindshare Technologies, 2010). Texas Roadhouse stated, we want to provide a place that the whole family could enjoy (Noe, Hollenbeck, Gerhart, Wright, 2011). Texas Roadhouse delivery is good meal with friendly, energetic, and enthusiastic service. Founded in 1993 by W. Kent Taylor, Texas Roadhouse was voted the #1 Steakhouse in America by Restaurants and Institutions Magazine Consumer Choice Survey in just ten years in 2003, and in 2004 the Best Steakhouse Value and Menu Variety (Texas Roadhouse Inc. , 2013). At the Texas Roadhouse, the company motto is Legendary Food, Legendary Service and Legendary Fun taken pride in everything they do from hand-cut steaks and some tasty margaritas (Texas Roadhouse Inc. , 2013). Texas Roadhouse actually want guests to have so much fun that they will want to return again and again, the best promotion is word of mouth. On the other hand it is concrete that Texas Roadhouse would benefit more from the expansion of its company store hours. Texas Roadhouse operates on the weekdays during dinner hours and on the weekends; the company operates both during lunch hours and dinner hours. Texas Roadhouse’s recent success over the past few years, clearly states that it is evident that Texas Roadhouse would benefit and increase company revenue if the company were to operate on weekdays during lunch hours as well as dinner hours. Furthermore, a well efficient trained, motivated, and satisfied employee who has a great relationship with their boss and company will conduct themselves in an outstanding manner where their work delivery will be the best efficient experience to the next potential customer arriving to the business. Company employees reflect the message the organization wants to deliver to the world, they interact with consumers, make efficient profits and high product performance. If companies take more time to invest in their employees the company will tend to be more performance efficient and produce more profits at a higher rate (Todrin, 2012). Discussion of Alternate Methods that Could be Used to Motivate Texas Roadhouse Employees Other than the Money it Uses as a Motivator for Employees Facing direct financial challenges throughout the economy employees can learn more effective methods besides monetary incentives to motivate employees. Companies can stress to upper level management to use recognition as a form of motivation for the company employees. Employees accomplishing tasks or achieve a specific job duty, management can learn to recognize them for their achievements earn (Worman, 2010). ). Another suggestion would be to develop an Employee of the Month program. This program has been administered for a quite some time, especially throughout corporate America. Individuals should be recognized for their overall outstanding achievements. The process of this award should be administered and voted on by upper level management. Coaching is a form of employee development and recognition. Taking the time and effort to coach an employee for development can say about the company, that you care about your employee’s success throughout the company (Worman, 2010). The use of gags, gimmicks and time off are other methods employers can use as an alternate method to motivate employees. Employers can use these tactics as rewards to help inspire efficient employee performance. The key is to establish the perception of priceless value of the company employees. In addition, all employees enjoy the luxury of being given time off (Worman, 2010). Lastly, the most simplest and under-utilized method of motivation, is just saying to employees thank you for your hard work and effort. Discussion of Possible Effectiveness of Each of the Alternative Methods Other than the Money Texas Roadhouse Uses as a Motivator for Employees Individuals who feel motivated to carry out their job descriptions are the likely employees to bring creativity in addition to high performance rates. Each alternative method can have positive effects on employees. Money is not the only motivator; companies should always consistently incorporate motivation to employees. Otherwise, the best employees will be attracted by other companies when the economy. Incentive pay can be very effective and the plan must be well designed. Effective plans should measure the performance of employees according to overall organizations goal. Promoting employees is very effective it shows employees that their commitment to their work is being acknowledged and appreciated. Occasionally contests held within the company are very effective, it pushes the employees to compete against one other to win the prize. Overall for the employer this is a great way to promote effective performance because all employees are giving their all. Reward and recognition make people feel good themselves and their job, and their performance is directly affected. Employee’s being recognized provides the employees with a overall sense of accomplishment and this can have a domino effect for other employee yearning to be recognized for their job performance (Worman, 2010). The use of gags and gimmicks can inspire employees to do their very best. The incentive of giving time off helps gives employees the chance to compete for the prize. Every employee enjoys receiving a day off of work. Analysis of how Transferable the Texas Roadhouse Way of Motivating Employees Would be in Other Organizations The way Texas Roadhouse uses monetary incentives to motivate employees may not be transferable to other organizations because not all companies have the same vision for the company, and not all organizations are financially stable to reward their employees with incentives such as cash. Organizations that seem not to be able to uphold these standards need to research different alternatives methods used to motivate company employees. On the other hand organizations that can use monetary incentives as a form of motivation for employees should use those incentives as a way to show company appreciation. In return for their hard work being recognized some employees may choose to improve their performance for the company because they feel appreciated. Lastly, it really does not make a difference in the alternative methods companies uses to motivate the company employees, the use of motivation helps employees explore their potential helping the organization reach top notch performance (Noe, Hollenbeck, Gerhart, Wright, 2011).

Sunday, November 10, 2019

Joint Venture in China

————————————————- Topic: Joint-Venture – China – Wall Panelling Once a foreign investor is put into the mix, a wealth of legal, administrative or operational violations that a solely-owned Chinese firm may have been able to survive with, will most likely not be tolerated by the local authorities (Devonshire-Ellise & Hoffman, 2010; Norris, 2011). Therefore an array of legal and contractual issues may arise for which a foreign party should be prepared. Some of these are outlined below.Environmentally Friendly Wall Panelling: ————————————————- As the product involved is classed as building materials the company should make note of Austrade’s guidelines on industry standards for building materials in China (Austrade, 2012). For this environmentall y friendly wall panelling the GB/T 50378-2006 regulations will apply (GCiS, 2012). The Issue of Stabilisation: ————————————————- Protection measures should also be stipulated through the creation of a Joint-Venture Contract.One of the biggest issues may be found through the difference in law between China and Australia; China having civil law and Australia having common law. Therefore in order to have the Joint-Venture contract protected from future changes in the Chinese civil law system a stabilisation clause is highly recommended (Coale, M. T. B, 2001-2002). Types of Joint-Ventures in China: What makes the selection of a joint-venture so important is that even though China’s Choice of Law provisions follow international practices; this doesn’t apply for Joint-Ventures.The only time a foreign party within a Joint-Venture may have a choice of law is when set tling disputes (Gao, 1989, p. 560; Wei, 2000, p. 40; Sino Foreign Joint-Venture Law Article 2). Types of Sino-Foreign Joint-Ventures in China: Refer to Appendix 1. Equity Joint-Venture (EJV): An equity Joint-Venture in China takes the form of a limited liability company (JVL Article 4 and Article 2 RICJVL; Kluwer Law International, 2005; Nee, O. D, 1992, 83-101). In this type of Joint-Venture both parties contribute to the registered capital and risks; profits and losses are all taken in regards to the proportion of that contribution.Four Basic attributes (Kluwer Law International, 2005; Wei, 2000, p. 74-75): 1. Established in accordance to the law of the People’s Republic of China. 2. Necessary Property or Capital 3. Possesses its own name, structure and premises 4. Assumes civil liability independently. Cooperative (Contractual) Joint-Venture Creating Chinese Juristic Person (CJVCJP): Also a limited liability company which assumes responsibilities for the ventures total ass ets however can have a separate internal arrangement on debt liability of each party (Articles 11,12, 14 of RICJVL; Wei, 2000, p. 5-76). The structure and status of this type of venture is a lot more flexible than for EJV’s, with precise aspects being able to be defined by contract (Kluwer Law International, 2005; Nee, O. D, 1992, 83-101). It also has liberty of negotiation of product or profit distribution method while still being a separate legal person with the parties’ liability limited to their capital contributions (Article 14 of RICJVL; China Business Law Guide, 2005; Cooperative Joint-Venture Law and Cooperative Joint-Venture implementing Law).Cooperative (Contractual) Joint-Venture Not Creating Chinese Juristic Person: (CJVWCJP): Does not create a Chinese juristic person (Article 52 of RICJVL) and parties take unlimited liabilities for the debts of the Joint-Venture jointly and severally. All investments are administered in a unified manner and consent is need ed for the disposing of a party’s investment (Nee, O. D, 1992, 83-101). ————————————————- It has loose structure, high risk and low degree of control and cooperation (Nee, O. D, 1992; Wei, 2000, p. 176). ————————————————-As all Chinese JV’s are controlled under the P. R. C law (Article 5 of the Foreign Economic Contract Law (FECL); Lewis, 1996, p. 31; Wei, 2000, p. 73), the ability to create their own contractual clauses and have more freedom in the contractual relationship is necessary, especially in regards to topics such as intellectual property; that is why a Contractual Joint-Venture Creating Chinese Juristic Person is the best choice. Also, in relation to management and liability and the production of manufactured goods this type of Joint-Vent ure is ideal (China Business Law Guide, 2005; Gomes-Casseres, 1990; Wei, 2000, p. 68). The Issue of Intellectual Property: From the 6th China International New Wall-Building Materials, Equipment and Technology exhibition held in Beijing in May 2012, it can be seen that green building is becoming increasingly popular in China (GCiS, 2012). In fact the 12th Five-Year Plan states that by 2015, at least one billion of these should be built with eco-friendly building materials, and by 2020, green buildings will account for more than 30% of new construction (ACBW, 2012; Appendix 6; GCiS, 2012).However, with this novelty in green building rising and a lot more foreign producers developing products and technology in China so comes the problem of protecting intellectual property. Intellectual property protection is relatively new in the People’s Republic of China but its importance continues to rise (Wheare, 1998, p. 1) and it is often cited as an issue of concern for foreign parties in China (Ding, 1997; Liesch & McGaughey, 2000, p. 1; Massey, J. , 2006-2007; Vanhonacker & Pan, 1997). Traditionally the concept of protecting intellectual property did not have a strong hold in Chinese culture (Wei, 2000, p. 9), but China’s reformation of its national IP system to comply with the international standards set out through the WTO’s Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) Agreement has been a leap for the development of China’s view in regards to intellectual property (Wheare, 1998, p. 1). However, despite China’s accomplishments in IP protection and indications it will not become a â€Å"haven of piracy† it still considered one of the most risky places to do business (Folsom & Minan, 1989, p. 792; Liesch & McGaughey, 2000 p. 2).This is due to its relative novelty in the People’s Republic making certain segments of the population have only a rather vague understanding of the concept (Cohen et al. , 1996, p. 7). In the P. R. C the problem isn’t that they don’t have laws regulating IP protection. In fact they have laws for the protection of Patents, Copyright Infringement and Trademarks. However, the problem comes when trying to implement these laws (Yuan, 2004, p. 1) as Chinese civil enforcement procedures make it very difficult to protect high technology patents (Appendix 5; Kennedy and Clark, 2006; Zhang: 2010: 7).In addition an interesting fact to note is that People’s court may accept oral evidence but in practice they rarely accept or put weight on this type of evidence (Kennedy and Clark, 2006). Therefore, when dealing with foreign parties it is important to develop and implement a comprehensive strategy for protecting their technology interests (Greguras, 2007, p. 3; Norris, 2011, p. 58; Wheare, 1998, p. 159). If it is assumed this wall paneling company has already patented their product in Australia, under Australia’s Patent law the patent will las t for 20 years (ALRC, 2012).As the product is already being produced in Australia it can’t be patented in China. However, as China is part of WTO and is a signee on the TRIPS agreement, therefore they are politically and morally bound to recognise the Australian patent (ALRC, 2012; Article 27. 1 of TRIPS Agreement; WTO; 2012). As the producers in China will need to have the production know-how for the wall paneling, therefore there is risk of intellectual property theft. To try and protect the IP a license agreement for technology transfer could be considered.When setting up a technology transfer agreement, the Technology Transfer Regulations as stipulated in the China Laws for Foreign Business outlines in Article 2 six ways of technology acquisition (Appendix 2; Kluwer Law International, 2005). ————————————————- If licensing is chosen for the transfer of the patent and its technology in the Joint-Venture the usual licensing agreement is 10 years. However this is usually permitted to extend to the life of the Joint-Venture (Lewis, 1996, p. 67). The agreement involved will allow the Chinese producers to use the technological know-how with it returning to the licensor (the Australian side) once the Joint-Venture is terminated. However it must be noted that the general consensus in China is that technology and know-how belong to the licensee at the end of the term and the licensor should not be able to restrict the licensee in its use of this information (Jianhua & Williams, 1998, p. 167; Lewis, 1996, p. 167).Therefore despite many ways one can try and protect IP in China, the most important factor is to carry out due diligence and make sure that the knowhow has been protected as good as possible. The Issue of Dispute Resolution: Due to a difference in legal system, cultural values and business practices, China can be seen as a high risk business environment. In the case of any disputes a clear and understandable dispute resolution method and clause should be formed and included in the Joint-Venture contract (Wei, 2000, p. 154).It is crucial for JV parties to specify dispute resolution methods, applicable law and venue for resolving disputes (Chan & Suen, 2005). Under the law of the P. R. C, Sino foreign Joint-Ventures are allowed to select applicable law and the venue for the dispute resolution in their contractual clause and Chinese law is only an option in this case (Dobkin, 1988, 79-80; FECL 1985; Lewis J. 1996, p. 256; Wei, 2000. p. 156). However Article 25 of the Law on Sino-foreign Cooperative Joint-Ventures (2005) provides that if a dispute arises, the dispute should be in first instance settled through friendly consultations to the extent possible.If such consultations fail then the dispute may be settled by arbitration or be referred to the People’s Court (Lewis J. 1996, p. 255) Therefore it is recommended that in light of any breaches of contract or party disputes the first step should be negotiation. Negotiation is not legally binding and can preserve the guanxi between both parties, whilst being the cheapest ADR method (Cheung and Suen, 2002; Dimatteo, 2003 p. 109). Also given the law states that friendly consultation should be the first step it should be the first method tried.However if not successful a relevant arbitration can be included in the contract. The P. R. C has a flexible approach regarding dispute resolution and it can take place in China or abroad according to Chinese rules or an international arbitration body (Lewis, 1996, p. 256). However, for this wall paneling company it is still recommended to have the arbitration carried out in China as cost is lower and it is more convenient and is enforceable (Dimatteo, 2003, 109). Many parties scared of using mainland Chinese arbitration rules have decided on arbitrating in Hong Kong.This is a great option for the wall panel ing company as Hong Kong has adopted the UNCITRAL model law on arbitration and is considered an international arbitration centre with highly developed infrastructure (Brandt & Tomson, 2012, p. 18; Dobkin, 1988, 79-80; HKIAC, 2004). In addition, Hong Kong will able to give better advice on foreign related matters in English making the process a lot smoother (Lewis, 1996, p. 257; Srivastava, 2002, 197). A possible dispute resolution clause that could be included in the contract can be viewed in Appendix 3. ————————————————-If Arbitration still has not produced any results litigation can be considered (Wei, 2000, p. 154) but in China it is usually viewed a s a last resort due to possible bias present in the courts and due to court proceeding being very lengthy and expensive and it’s also difficult to find lawyers competent to advise on foreign matters in English. Usual ly foreign parties will endeavour to ensure their disputes are resolved without Chinese courts as they are still unconfident because of the reported local protectionism (Bersani, 1994; Chan, 1997) The Issue of Language: ————————————————-Which language should be used in the Joint-Venture contract? When dealing with foreign parties there can sometimes be large language barriers. This problem can often be solved by having a clear language agreement stipulated in the contract. It is common practice to have the contract in both acting languages. Although this can be rather expensive, it may avoid some major problems that could arise in the future (Lewis, 1996, p. 31). The Issue of Termination: Chinese parties may be averted to agreeing with the public and formal ending of a Joint-Venture, not wanting to discuss the end before even beginning (Xu, 2008).However, sometimes, as the Chinese saying goes, the foreign party might find themselves in the ‘same bed’ as the Chinese but ‘with different dreams’. This is why a termination clause is very important. Despite the conventionality of this clause, it is still a grey area; the general practice is that foreign investors buy their way in and then buy their way out if the situation turns bad. Chinese parties have been known to play corporate blackmail with foreign investors as to block potential exit of the foreign party or to hold them liable for all losses (Xu, 2008).A Joint-Venture contract should have a detailed termination clause which outlines the events allowing parties to terminate their involvement. It should also state the duration of the Joint-Venture. (Dimatteo 2003) Some grounds for termination are as follows (Lewis, 1996, p. 257): 1. Expiration of the Joint-Venture term; 2. Inability to continue operations due to heavy losses; 3. Inability to continue operations due to the f ailure of one of the contracting parties to fulfill its contractual obligations; 4. Inability to continue operations to heavy losses caused by force majeure or; 5.Inability to attain the desired objectives of operations and the lack of future for development. Some other terms that may be included are set out in Appendix 4. *It is proposed that the tenure for this Joint-Venture should be set at an appropriate time so as to avoid the transfer of intellectual property. This time should be before the patent protection runs out and before the licensing agreement runs out. —————————————————————————————————————————————– AppendicesAppendix 1: Business Structures in China (Yu wa Wei, 2000, Investing in China. p. 169) Appendix 2: China Business Law Guide 2005 a) The assignment of patent rights; b) The assignment of the rights to apply for patents c) The licensing of patent exploitation; d) The assignment of technical secrets; e) The provision of technical services; and f) Other forms of transfer of technology. Appendix 3: Dispute Resolution Clause In the event of any dispute arising under this contract, the parties shall first make all necessary efforts to settle the dispute through friendly consultation.If it is impossible to settle the dispute in this way then the matter shall be submitted to arbitration before the Hong Kong International Arbitration Centre (Lewis, 1996, P. 255). Appendix 4: Grounds for Termination (Frenkel, 1998) 1. Failure of a participant to make require capital contribution; 2. Failure of a participant to obtain necessary government approvals; 3. Failure of the venture to reach a pre-agreed level of profitability; 4. Management dead lock; 5. Failure of one partner to purchase the shares of another. (Buy-Sell agreement); 6. An adverse and debilitating change in the law; 7.Bankruptcy or insolvency of the Joint-Venture. In relation to IP even if there is a clear termination clause and licensing agreement relating to the breach for the use of IP and know how as mentioned before the general consensus in China is that licensed IP will be able to be used once the license agreement has ended by the licensee. This means that despite efforts to protect IP, there is still a possibility of a breach and this should be understood as China’s cultural view is different and they still have a developing legal system in relation to this problem. Appendix 5: Key Issues in Enforcing IP Law (Kennedy, G. amp; Clark. D, 2006) The key issues are: 1. Civil procedure law puts a strong burden on plaintiffs to prove their case. There are no rules specifically shifting the burden of proof if a plaintiff makes out a prima facie case. This can make it very difficult to prove that a high technology patent has been infringed, or a trade secret has been misappropriated. (Article 125, Contracting Law) 2. There is no discovery in civil proceedings. Parties are only required to submit evidence that assists their case. Without discovery, it can be extremely difficult to prove a case. Article 125, Contracting Law) 3. Oral evidence is very rarely accepted in civil proceedings (63 and 72 of Civil Procedure Law) – oral evidence of misbehaviour by an employee will thus be very hard to use. Appendix 6: Expected Growth of China Green Buildings (MOHURD, GCiS). Reference List 1. Austrade, 2012, Building Materials to China, Available at . Accessed on 22/10/2012. 2. Australian Business Forum (ACBW), 2012, China to Boost construction of Green Building. May 7th. Available at . Accessed on 23/10/2012. 3. Australian Law Reform Commission (ALRC), 2012, Duration of Patent Protection, Australian Government. Available at . Accessed on 25/09/2012. 4. Brandt, M. & Tomson, K. , 2012, Hong Kong's state and crown immunity: immunity for state-owned enterprises? 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